Chapter 9 detailed outline

Milestones in Communication and National Development

Communication for Development is the use of communication processes, techniques and media to help people toward a full awareness of their situation and their options for change, to resolve conflicts, to work toward consensus, to help people plan actions for change and sustainable development, to help people acquire the knowledge and skills they need to improve their condition and that society, and to improve the effectiveness of institutions. (p.63)

I. What is Development?

Development is recognized as a complex, integrated, participatory process, involving stakeholders and beneficiaries and aimed at improving the overall quality of human life through improvements in a range of social sectors in an environment responsible manner.

II. Communication for Development

Forces that have influenced the evolution of the field of communication for development are: growth of capitalism

advances in communication technology and

the ideological rivalries between the U.S.A and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

a. Southeast Ohio, USA Southeast Ohio is an example of maldevolopment and the process of underdevelopment.*Community groups such as Rural Action and the Monday Creek Watershed Improvement Committee have been working to improve the economy and the environment by facilitating participatory practices.

III. The Modernization Model

a. Modernization through Capitalism A modern society is characterized by” materialism, the dominance of capital as a form of wealth, consumerism, rational-legal authority, sub-cultural diversity, and positive evaluation of change” (Weinstein, 1997, pp.358- 359).b. Communism· The society would progress materially and spiritually, leading ultimately to “withering away of the state”.

FAO

UNICEF

WHO

UN

a. The Dependency Critique

By the 1960s, the modernization approach was under attack.

Dependency theorists demonstrated that the existing pattern of global economic relations, one dominated by the industrialized North, was contributing to the underdevelopment of the developing regions of the world.

IV. Contemporary Strategies in Communication development:

Piblic Awarness campaigns

Social marketing

Entertainement education (Edutainement)Advocacy

Chapter 9 undetailed outline

Milestones in Communication and National Development

I. What is Development?

II. Communication for Development

a. Southeast Ohio, USA

b. Turkmenistan

III. The Modernization Model

a. Modernization through Capitalism

b. Communism

IV. Communication and Project Support Communication

V. Contemporary Strategies in Communication development:

chapter 8 detailed outline

The Global Implications of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects

I. Convergence Theory and cultural identity:

II. System approach and social networks:

III. Structural Model of Intercultural Communication:

A. Process of streghthening the worldwide social relations that link distance localities.

B. Trans-border communication has opened covergence.

IV. The Network Structure and the International Internet:

A. Information Flow via the internet facilitate convergence universal sets off beliefs.

B. National Culture is strongly related to a country's position in the internet network.

V. Implications of the structural Model for Natural Identity:

Current Trends:

A. Cultural Homogenization:" the convergence of the indigeneous cultures of the world into a universal culture."

B. The process of cultural globalization can be considered homogenization and hybridization.

VI. Implications for National Identity:

The future

A. Computer Mediated Communication

chapter 8 undetailed outline

The Global Implications of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects

I. Convergence Theory and cultural identity:

II. System approach and social networks:

III. Structural Model of Intercultural Communication:

IV. The Network Structure and the International Internet:

V. Implications of the structural Model for Natural Identity:

i. Current Trends:

VI. Implications for National Identity:

i. The future.

the quiz

1. What are the three development paradigms?

The three development paradigms are mass media

telecommunication

the intellectuel property right.

2. What is a paradigm?Paradigm?

a theme encompassing a set of forms.

3.Identify Walt Rostow’s four stages of his modernization through capitalism approach?

Pre-take off stage

take-off stage

the road to maturity

the mass-consumption society.

4.Identify three modernization theorists mentioned in the chapter?Everett Rogers

David McClelland

Daniel Lerner.

5. Elaborate on Daniel Lerner’s approach?

I share the same point of view because when he states I reach development such as modernization, mass communication is required.

6. Identify three specialized agencies of the United Nations in relation to telecommunication and communication?

UNESCO

UPU

UN

7. Speak in some details about the discourse shift in global communication politics?

the global communication is getting more interested about the Trade and economic field than the politics. What does the World Summit on the Information Society mean?

9. replacement for international negotiations playing the role of communication for development.

Research Paper Outline

* Tentative Title:

Communication for National Development : Introducing Information CommunicationTechnology in the Moroccan Educational System.

* Research Question:

could the introduction of ICT in the Moroccan educational

system be considered as communication for national development?

I- General Introduction:

II- The Actual Situation of Education in Morocco

i- General overview
ii-The use of I.C.T in the Moroccan education
1. USAID/Morocco
2. The World Bank
3. Programme d'Appui a la Reforme du Système Educatif
Marocain-- PARSEM).

III- Comparison between ICT level in Morocco and other countries

IV- Project Description:
i-What is an IT based learning
ii-What the project is about

V- Objectives of the Project

VI- Results

i-Is the ICT project could be considered as an action of national development?
ii-Debate (For, Against)

IV- conclusion

Chapter 6: Detailed Outline

Global News and Information Flow in the Internet Age

I. ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF NEWS AGENCIES

i- Agence France-Presse

ii- Associated Press

iii- Reuters

iiii- United Press International

II- ITAR-TASS

i-INTERNATIONAL NEWS AGENCIES TODAY

ii- Associated Press

iii- United Press International

iiii-Reuters

iv-Agence France-Presse

v- ITAR-TASS and Interfax

VI. SUPPLEMENTAL NEWS AGENCIES

i- Times News Service

ii- Los Angeles Time-Washington Post News Service

iii- Dow Jones Newswires

V-BROADCAST NEWS SERVICES

i- Reuters & Associated Press Television News (APTN)

IV. GLOBAL NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, AND BROADCASTERS

i- The New York Times

ii- The Times of London

iii- The Guardian

How can Moroccan cultural industries reach globality (global market)?

From my point of view I believe that each country aiming that its cultural products reach the global market must try to adapt its products to feet with the other cultures of various countries. For example, even the U.S they adapted their famous restaurant chain (McDonald's) to many cultures and religions all around the world.

For Morocco I believe that the first thing that should be done to promote cultural products is:
1. Try to adapt our traditional and cultural product to satisfy the global consumers.
* The adaptation could be done as follows:
- Using various colors and fabrics for clothes
- Come up with new designs for house decor and furniture
- Come up with new and easy techniques to prepare Couscous :)
- Mix our traditional music with other rhythms

2. Use excellent marketing strategies to promote products:

- Ads (radio, newspapers, magazines, national/international TV)
- Flayers
- International exhibitions
- Serious price :)

Chapter 6 : Outline

Global News and Information Flow in the Internet Age

I. Origin and early history of news agencies:

A. Agence France-press

B. Associated Press

C. Reuters

D. United Press International

E. ITAR-TASS

II. International News Agencies Today:

A. Associated PressB. United Press International

C. Reuters

D. Agence France-Presse

E. ITAR-TASS and Interfax

III. Supplemental News Agencies:

A. Times News Service

B. Los Angeles Time-Washington Post News Service

C. Dow Jones Newswires

IV. Broadcast News Services:

A. Reuters & Associated Press Television News (APTN)

V. Global Newspapers, Magazines, and Broadcasters :

A. The New York Times

B. The Times of London

VI. News Flow Patterns:

Offline and Online:

VII. The Outlook

Chapter 3: Detailed Outline

I- Introduction.

- Definition of global economy.

II- Premodern WORLD

- Types of national goods: shoes, clothes.
- Types of foreign good: Exotic fruits, silk, spices, gems.

III) Division of Labor

- the author mentioned the Industrial revolution.

- The author talked about transportations, Iron industry, and communication.

IV) Imperialism

- during the 13th century it was a multipolar ‘’multiple center of power’’
- From the 14th century to 15th century: transformation from multipolar to monopolar world

V) ELECTRONIC IMPERIALISM

-Global media flow is formed from the USA to the other countries, whereas the flow in the other is an unbalanced flow.

- Tansborder data flow: communication across national boundaries via digital device

VI) EMERGING NETWORKS STRUCTURES

- Television

VII) TOWARD A NEW WORLD SYSTEM?

- USA is the center and the provider of information

Assignment II

“And because mass media and communication convey powerful images in an instant across the globe, it dictates that struggles are fought as much through propaganda, ideas and values as through conventional means, military or diplomatic”.

I believe that the idea or the point of view of Tony Blair is true because thanks to the mass media and the images that it coveys people all around the world become aware of the information and the changes. and as we know images have great impact on people more that any other media tool. for example, during the attack of September 9/11, i believe that the images of the crash and of victims played a big and major role to inform and to guide the public opinion. Also sometimes we heard and read about the famine in Ethiopia and we just feel sorry for them; however, by seeing the powerful images that illustrate the actual state of those people, we react to change a situation because images are like proofs. So I believe that images are the mass media tool that could convey and mobilise people all around the globe.

Chpter 3 outline

Samya Saber
COM2303
Dr.Ibahrine

Chapter 3 Global Economy and International Telecommunications Networks

outline

I - Premodern World

II - Division of labor

III - Imperialism

VI - Electronic Imperialism

i- Global Media Flows
ii- Transborder Data Flow

V - Emerging Network Structures

IV - Toward a New World System?

Chapter 2 Detailed Outline

Samya SABER
COM2303
Dr.Ibahrine

Chapter 2 Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories
Detailed Outline


I- Normative Theories

- Four Theories of the Press: taxonomy (dividing up all the various versions and aspects of a topic into systematic categories or models: authoritarian, Soviet, liberal, and social responsibility).
- Normative theories: they did not seek only to explain or contrast comparative media systems but to provide a definition of how those systems ought to operate according to certain principles.- The development model & the participatory/democratic model.- The development model: media that addressed issues of health, poverty, education etc.
- The participatory/democratic model: small scale perception of the way of organizing media.

II- A different Approach I: Comparing and Contrasting Media

- Soviet media had a strong overlap with media under other dictatorships and with so-called development media..- Four main important issues are important in this case: economic crises, political power, dramatic social transitions and small-scale alternative media.
i- Political Power
- The state control over media was very detailed in Soviet Russia.

ii- Economic Crisis
- Economic crisis was a daily experience for the majority of soviet.- The soviet and post-soviet Russian experience of economic crisis.

iii- Dramatic Social Transition

- Russia went through many transitions in the 20th century. WWI
- The imperial censorship made it risky for anyone to print anything directly critical of the czars.

III- A different Approach II: Globalization and Media
- Globalization: structural economic changes.
- Globalization is everywhere even in cultural and media processes. - Hybridity Theory.
VI- A Different Approach III: small-Scale Alternative Media
- Samizdat media: during the 1960’s hand-circulated pamphlets, poems, essays, plays, short stories and audio- and videocassettes that started to emerge in Soviet Russia as well as other countries.

chapter 2 outline

Samya SABER
COM2303
Dr.Ibahrine

Chapter 2 Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories
Outline

I- Normative theoriesII- A Different Approach I: COMPARING AND CONTRASTING MEDIA
i- Political power
ii- Economic Crisis
iii- Dramatic Social Transitions

III- A Different Approach II: GLOBALIZATION AND THE MEDIA

VI- A Different Approach III: SMALL-SCALE ALTERNATIVE MEDIA

CONCLUSIONS

chapter 1 Detailed Outline

Samya SABER
COM 2303
Dr. Ibahrine

Chapter 1 Following the Historical Paths of Global Communication

Detailed Outline


I- Geographical Space: a barrier to communication

Many years ago geography and characteristics of lands such as seas, mountains, trees and rivers were considered as barrier to communication.
However, nowadays thanks to the efforts of scientists and technology nature is no longer considered as a barrier to communication.

i- Geography and the Mythical World.

Ancient people knew life only as they saw it unfolding within a few square miles of their rural homes. And travel was hazardous and unpractical, that is why ancient people believed that the world beyond them was magical and supernatural. So historians reported and illustrated their maps with supernatural creatures.

II- Ancient encounter of Societies and Culture.

Exploration of the world by people such as Marco Polo and Alexander the Great stretch the boundaries of the known world. For example, the Greek explorer Pytheas sailed around Spain and France around Britain and into the Baltic region.
The astronomical and mariner records of those explorers were used in Greece for several centauries.

III- Global Explorers: migrants, holy people, merchant

Migrant was a way of life; changing climate conditions and food supplies required a nomadic life. So nomads were most of time traveling and thanks to their travels they discovered new lands and areas. The same thing apply to holy people, they were exploring the new world to extend their religion in other places and to communicate their beliefs and values. Also merchant they were either exploring new lands to sell their products or to look for new products.

i- Mapmaker in the medieval world

Mapmaking was an integral part of communication history. Maps were widely considered to be valuable keys to unlocking unknown world.

IV- Inventors: Signals and Semaphores.

Ancient people invented many ways to send and received signals that allowed them to communicate and to exchange there information and ideas. For example, Romans used the reflected sunlight to transmit a message and Inca used smoke signals and quipu, a cord with knots based on numerical systems. Also Persians and Romans used messengers to transmit their messages; the courier was send either by messengers (people) or via animals like hors or birds.

V- The printing Press, literacy and the knowledge explosion.

The complexity and diversity of the intellectual and cultural life created a marketplace ripe for information, stimulating the spread of literacy in Europe after the development of the printing press.
The rise of papermaking was first in China and after that Arabs develop the papermaking and the printing more and then the papermaking arrived to Spain in 1150. after that the German Gutenberg develop a metal type for 50 character and he also adapted his press to allow printing on both sides of the sheet and produce copies with much clearer print than had been possible with older block printing.

The rise if printing press was encouraging people to read more and was behind the spread of information regarding many fields such as religion, commerce and politics.

VI- Scientists and international networks

The electric telegraph was the first technological innovation of two ways exchange information. Then the innovation of telephone and wireless radio follows. These three innovations opened the door to the subsequent social revolution that accompanied the information age.
After that the countries were looking for international standards to unify the world. Such as the adoption of a global time system in 1884.

chapter 1 outline

Samya SABER
COM 2303
DR Ibahrine

Chapter 1

Following the Historical Paths of Global Communication



Outline




I- Geographical Space: A Barrier to Communication
i- Geography and the Mythical World

II- Ancient Encounter of societies and cultures

III- Global explorers: Migrants, holy people, Merchants
i- Mapmakers in the medieval world

IV- Inventors: Signals and Semaphores

V- The printing press, Literacy, and the Knowledge explosion

VI- Scientists and International networks
i- The International electric revolution

Summary: Global immediacy and transparency